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How the livestock industry can help cut greenhouse gas emissions New study shows better grazing and ranch management can reduce methane, nitrous oxide. The reduced volume of methane formation may lead to better efficiency of feed utilisation, given that methane emissions represent a gross energy loss from feed intake of about 10%. Auffret, M.D., (2017). Wallace, R.J., (2015). Livestock are the dominant source of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), accounting for 56% and 73%, respectively, of Australia’s emissions. Ruminants are the principal source of livestock methane emissions because they produce the most methane per unit of feed consumed. Most of the identified microbial genes are involved in the metabolism of methane or pathways providing substrates (e.g. hydrogen) for methane metabolism. Since beef cattle have never been selected for reduction in methane emissions before, we obtained a large variation in methane emissions from 170g/day to 330g/day among beef cattle of the same breed offered the same forage-based diet. Grinding and pelleting of forages increases passage rate and reduces methane emitted by the animal. Just a quarter teaspoon of Bovaer per cow per day suppresses the enzyme that triggers methane production in a cow’s rumen and consistently reduces enteric methane emission by approximately 30%. As a by-product of the microbial conversion of feed (in particular fibrous grass), the rumen microbial Archaea population produces methane, which is expelled through mouth and nose into the environment. The rumen microbiome as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity genes is directly affected by diet in beef cattle. Measuring methane emissions in respiration chambers for breeding purposes is very accurate but too costly and cannot provide the number of animals neccessary to be recorded for accurate breeding. Adding nitrates to the diet at a specified rate optimises rumen fermentation, and changes the pathway of hydrogen to produce ammonia rather than methane. For 388,700 prime cattle slaughtered in Scottish abattoirs during 2017, this would mean a cost reduction of £8.9 million, considering only 3 months of the growing-finishing period. Methane is a greenhouse gas (GHG) with global warming potential 28-times that of carbon dioxide and cattle are a major source of anthropogenic methane emissions. Finding means to mitigate methane emissions from cattle and to improve their feed conversion efficiency are the main emphasis of the Scottish Government-funded research in Theme 2 of ‘Productive and Sustainable Land Management and Rural Economics’ in the current Strategic Research Programme, 2016-2021. Reduction of methane emissions through feed additives, such as fats and oils, can reduce methane production by about 18% and offer energy and protein to the animal. ), The National Academies Press: Agriculture, Ways to Reduce Methane Production in Cattle. Ruminant livestock – cattle, sheep, buffalo, goats, deer and camels – have a fore-stomach (or rumen) containing microbes called methanogens, which are capable of digesting coarse plant material and which produce methane as a by-product of digestion (enteric fermentation): this methane is released to the atmosphere by the animal belching. grass) into absorbable nutrients used to produce high quality food, such as meat and milk, for human consumption. Some parts of this site work best with JavaScript enabled. Each of these factors has been shown to improve feed efficiency and reduce methane production. By 2050, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations has reported that the human population will increase to over 9 billion people, and in the same time-frame, global meat consumption is projected to increase by 76%. Livestock produce significant amounts of methane as part of their normal digestive processes. Improved feed conversion efficiency, that means producing more meat per kg of feed consumed, will be an important part of the response to this challenge. Mandi Jones Extension Assistant University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Opportunities to use feed additives or supplements: Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development's Agriculture and Food division is committed to growing and protecting WA's agriculture and food sector. This means that breeding can be used to reduce the methanogenic Archaea and thus methane emissions. Less methane will be produced in carbohydrate-rich diets due to the fact that propionate production will remove H2 away from methane production (propionate is a hydrogen sink). The Legacy. The potential of using rumen microbial gene abundances to improve feed, Roehe, R., (2018). This ecosystem within the rumen is particularly important in cattle due to its ability to convert indigestible fibrous plant material (e.g. Integrated metagenomic analyses of the rumen microbiome of cattle reveals key biological mechanisms associated with methane traits. We also revealed that the relative abundance of methanogenic Archaea is controlled by the host animal’s genetics. Reducing methane emissions is deemed ‘additional’ to normal management practices. The amount of methane emitted by livestock is primarily driven by the number of animals, the type of digestive system they have and the type and amount of feed consumed. More broadly, our research suggests that rumen microbial genes are excellent biomarkers for complex traits linked to other important issues - such as animal health and welfare, meat fatty acid profiles (healthy diets for people) and antimicrobial resistance.
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