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And it worked. At a town hall meeting in Plymouth, Michigan, in March 2017, it was suggested that state officials should build replicas of voting districts with LEGO bricks to address the issue of compactness. “You can think about them all as real harms...but they all have very different causes and they all have very different symptoms and they all have very different cures.”. Li says: “If the Supreme Court doesn’t bite on Whitford, it might still rule that partisan gerrymandering is unconstitutional in the case out of Maryland or out of North Carolina because those involve different facts and different theories. The law consolidated the Federalist Party vote in a few districts and thus gave disproportionate representation to Democratic-Republicans. To revisit this article, visit My Profile, then View saved stories. But if it doesn’t do so in any of the cases, then what you’ve seen in these elections is that parties are very effective in locking themselves into power. And then there’s the aforementioned issue of drawing majority-minority districts and thus limiting minority influence across multiple districts. That means Republicans, the main beneficiaries of gerrymandering in recent history, can continue to do so. Broadly, gerrymandering is when one political party redraws the boundaries to give it an advantage over its opposition. Broadly, gerrymandering is when one political party redraws the boundaries to give it an advantage over its opposition. The issue that was enough to bring Barack Obama back into politics in March 2017 is back in the news following a 5-4 Supreme Court ruling that the practice isn't unconstitutional and, therefore, can't be challenged in federal court. to handle the extra seating. Ein reines Verhältniswahlrecht schließt Gerrymandering aus. Use of this site constitutes acceptance of our User Agreement (updated 1/1/20) and Privacy Policy and Cookie Statement (updated 1/1/20) and Your California Privacy Rights. The Voting Rights Act of 1965, which outlaws discriminatory voting practices, prohibits redrawing districts for the purpose of minimizing the influence of racial minorities. “And that’s what REDMAP was all about, making sure representatives were able to have sole control in as many states as possible.”. In November 2016, a federal district court ruled that Wisconsin’s partisan gerrymandering was unconstitutional, the first time a federal court has ever “invalidated a gerrymander for providing unfair advantage to a political party,” according to Salon. It could keep Democrats out of the House for years to come. Fewer competitive U.S. House districts and safe incumbents after redistricting: In 2010, 70 of 435 U.S. House districts had a competitive partisan balance of 47% to 53%. And then there’s racial gerrymandering, or when district lines are intentionally drawn to disperse minority groups, to dilute their influence in a district, thus making it impossible for them to elect representatives. As The Washington Post noted, when Republicans aren’t concerned about losing their seats, courtesy of gerrymandered districts, they don’t have much reason to reach across party lines and compromise. “One reason in principle is that the Supreme Court hasn’t said, so far, that partisan gerrymandering is something that courts can police,” Li says. The Brennan Center estimates that, overall, redistricting likely caused the GOP to win about six more seats in 2012 than it would have under old district lines and 11 more seats than it would have in states where the GOP controlled redistricting, and it also protected at least eight Republican incumbents who would have lost reelection under old district lines. Gerrymandering has been condemned because it violates two basic tenets of electoral apportionment—compactness and equality of size of constituencies. The state has appealed the decision, and the Supreme Court will likely hear the case later this year. These gerrymanders out of the 2010 cycle have been some of the most durable and lasting and hard-to-defeat of any gerrymanders in history,” factors he credits to advances in technology that allow legislators to gather detailed information and data to hone in on voters. The tides could be turning. Although redistricting occurs nationwide, the actual process varies by state. The term is derived from the name of Governor Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts, whose administration enacted a law in 1812 defining new state senatorial districts. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn. Editor's Note: This article was originally published on March 31, 2017, as Barack Obama returned to politics to tackle the issue. Several solutions have been devised to reduce the influence of gerrymandering. Der Begriff ist ein Kofferwort aus Gerry und Salamander: Elbridge Gerry, ein Gouverneur von Massachusetts, hatte seinen Wahlbezirk im frühen 19. Redistricting is the process of redrawing the boundaries that determine congressional districts in each state, in order to balance the population among districts. Teen Vogue may earn a portion of sales from products that are purchased through our site as part of our Affiliate Partnerships with retailers. “There are a bunch of redistricting abuses that get clumped together under ‘gerrymandering,’” Li says. Arguments have been made for prioritizing compactness and even using computer algorithms, but neither of those methods necessarily takes into account “communities of interest.” Focusing on compactness, Li says, “would be saying the shape of a district or the size of a district has to be more important than keeping communities of color together or keeping school district zones together or keeping towns together.”. You can see which state uses which process on this map from Loyola Law School, Los Angeles, professor Justin Levitt. But a lot of things can be done to have a greater transparency and build a greater trust in the system, either through the courts or through reforms that would create commissions and things like that, which take the process out of the hands of lawmakers.”.
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