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During sunrise/sunset or moonrise/moonset, the light coming from the Sun (or Moon) itself has to pass through tremendous amounts of atmosphere; the closer to the horizon it is, the more atmosphere the light must pass through. This scattering of the higher frequencies of light illuminates the skies with light on the BIV end of the visible spectrum. Yet despite how widespread this question is, there are many misconceptions and incorrect answers bandied about — because it reflects the ocean; because oxygen is a blue-colored gas; because sunlight has a blue tint — while the right answer is often thoroughly overlooked. Light is what's called an electromagnetic wave. particles are scattered multiple times, eventually reds and greens get almost as strong as blue, thats why sky … If the atmosphere is roughly spherical, why is there more air to pass through? While it may be yellow during midday, it is often found to gradually turn color as it approaches sunset. It all depends on what kinds of light we get from the sun. Photograph of Maui sunset by Becky Henderson, Light Waves and Color - Lesson 2 - Color and Vision. This scattering, called Rayleigh scattering, is more effective at short wavelengths (the blue end of the visible spectrum).Therefore the light scattered down to the earth at a large angle with respect to the direction of the sun's light is predominantly in the blue end of the spectrum. In the graph at upper left, the blue brightness was normalized to 1 and the red and green expressed as a fraction of the blue. What is this magical gem? when it's close to the horizon. Our eyes respond more strongly to blue, cyan, and green wavelengths of light than they do to violet. It's only due to the sensitivity of our eyes that the sky appears blue and not violet. Now, back to those purple light wavelengths. Usually this kind of scattering involves exciting some vibrational mode of the molecules, giving a lower scattered photon energy, or scattering off an excited vibrational state of a molecule which adds its vibrational energy to the incident photon. 2. But I've never actually tested this: it would be fun to look at a blue sky with a spectrum analyzer! If you're ever up in an airplane after sunset or before sunrise, you can get a spectacular view of this effect. This scattering produces a pattern like an antenna lobe, with a sharper and more intense forward lobe for larger particles. Some of these frequencies fall within the visible light spectrum and thus are detectable by the human eye. Michele Bousquet is the author of Physics for Animators. The graph of overall brightness above is just the sum of all three colors, with a maximum of 1 being white on the monitor. But near the horizon, that light that gets scattered in all directions is very likely to get scattered again before it reaches your eyes. It looks redish during sunsets because the blue light is scattered so strongly that most of it doesn't even make it through the atmosphere, instead being absorbed in the sky as heat or (reflected back to outer space). It's only due to the sensitivity of our eyes that the sky appears blue and not violet. Nevertheless, it might be useful as an example of the progressions of sky color. Measurement of the progression of saturation and brightness. Here's a crude picture I made in paint which shows how light from the sun has to pass through more air when the sun is near the horizon (aka, near sunset). If you had ultraviolet... [+] and infrared eyes, you'd be able to see that ultraviolet light bends even more than the violet/blue light, while the infrared light would remain less bent than the red light does. Meta-materials ? The red light is the most likely wavelength of light to get through, eventually surpassing the more-efficiently-scattered blue light. Dec 2014. © 2020 Forbes Media LLC. It took many centuries and a lot of smart people -- including Aristotle, Isaac Newton, Thomas Young, James Clerk Maxwell and Hermann von Helmholtz -- to puzzle out the answer, in part because the solution encompasses so many components: the colors in sunlight, the angle at which solar illumination travels through the atmosphe… INVISIBILITY SOON ? The photosphere of our Sun is so hot, at nearly 6,000 K, that it emits a wide spectrum of light, from ultraviolet at the highest energies and into the visible, from violet all the way to red, and then deep into the infrared portion of the spectrum.
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